Bupropion

Bupropion is an antidepressant medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and as an aid to smoking cessation. It is marketed under various brand names, including Wellbutrin and Zyban. Unlike many other antidepressants, bupropion does not primarily affect serotonin levels; instead, its mechanism involves norepinephrine and dopamine. This distinct pharmacological profile is thought to contribute to its specific therapeutic effects and a different side effect spectrum compared to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Bupropion is generally taken orally, typically once or twice daily depending on the formulation (immediate-release, sustained-release, or extended-release). Its use requires careful monitoring, particularly due to dose-dependent risks of seizures. The medication's role in smoking cessation is attributed to its effects on neurotransmitters that can reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms. In some cases, bupropion has also been explored off-label for other conditions, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity, although these uses are not FDA-approved. The half-life of bupropion is approximately 21 hours, necessitating consistent dosing to maintain therapeutic levels. It can be taken with or without food. Bupropion is not a controlled substance.