Vitamin B9 (Folate)

Vitamin B9, commonly known as folate, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for numerous bodily functions. It plays a critical role in one-carbon metabolism, which is involved in DNA synthesis and repair, red blood cell production, and the metabolism of amino acids. Folate is naturally present in many foods, particularly dark leafy green vegetables, fruits, nuts, beans, peas, and enriched grain products. The synthetic form of folate, called folic acid, is often used in dietary supplements and fortified foods. Adequate folate intake is vital throughout life, especially during periods of rapid cell growth such as pregnancy and infancy. Deficiency can lead to various health issues, including megaloblastic anemia and, in pregnant individuals, neural tube defects in the developing fetus. The body does not store large amounts of folate, so regular intake through diet or supplementation is necessary (NIH ODS).