Melatonin is a hormone naturally produced by the pineal gland in the brain. It plays a crucial role in regulating the body's sleep-wake cycle, also known as the circadian rhythm. Melatonin levels typically rise in the evening, promoting sleep, and decrease in the morning. Extended-release (ER) formulations of melatonin are designed to release the hormone gradually over several hours, mimicking the body's natural melatonin production profile throughout the night, aiming to help individuals maintain sleep. Standard or immediate-release melatonin formulations, conversely, release the hormone quickly and are primarily intended to shorten the time it takes to fall asleep.
Melatonin is available as a dietary supplement in many countries. It is commonly used to address various sleep disturbances, including difficulty falling asleep (insomnia), jet lag, and shift work disorder. The extended-release form is particularly investigated for its potential to improve sleep maintenance, as opposed to just sleep onset. (NIH ODS)
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Known interactions
Category rule: glp1 × supplement
Note
GLP-1 medications slow stomach emptying, changing how/when oral supplements absorb; rapid weight loss raises the importance of protein and micronutrients.
Time oral supplements when nausea is lowest; prioritize protein and micronutrients; discuss with your provider.
Category rule: supplement × medication
Note
Some supplements change how the body processes medications (absorption, liver enzymes, or additive effects).
Specific pairs are checked against a licensed drug database and shown with their own severity. Always confirm with your provider or pharmacist.
Stackwise compiles summaries from publicly available scientific and regulatory references. Always verify important decisions with a licensed clinician.
Related compounds
Others in the supplement category or studied for the same goals.
