Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for several critical bodily functions. It plays a vital role in red blood cell formation, cell metabolism, nerve function, and the production of DNA. Unlike other water-soluble vitamins, B12 is stored in the liver for extended periods. The body does not produce Vitamin B12; therefore, it must be obtained through diet or supplementation. It is naturally found in animal products like meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy. Fortified cereals and nutritional yeasts can also be sources for vegetarians and vegans. (NIH ODS) Deficiency in Vitamin B12 can lead to a condition called megaloblastic anemia, characterized by large, immature red blood cells that cannot function properly. It can also cause neurological problems, including numbness, tingling, difficulty walking, memory loss, and cognitive changes. Certain populations, such as older adults, individuals with pernicious anemia, vegetarians, vegans, and those with gastrointestinal disorders like Crohn's disease or celiac disease, are at higher risk for B12 deficiency. (Mayo Clinic)